hurricanepressureh80#
[Pgrid, Rgrid, RVmax, thetagrid] = hurricanepressureh80(xgrid, ygrid, xCenter, yCenter, Pc, Vgmax, Rknown, VgRknown, Pn, Rhoa,...
distCalcMethod, flattendata, savedata, dispout)
Description#
Generate hurricane pressure data on given (x,y) points using method from Holland (1980)
Inputs#
- xgrid
- x (longitude) of points which outputs are calculated atxgrid can be a single point or 1d or 2d array
- ygrid
- y (latitude) of points which outputs are calculated atygrid can be a single point or 1d or 2d array
- xCenter
x (longitude) of hurricane center (track)
- yCenter
y (latitude) of hurricane center (track)
- Pc
Hurricane central surface pressure in (Pa)
- Vgmax
- Maximum hurricane 1-min averaged wind velocity at the gradient level in (m/s)It can be estimated from Vmax=3.44*(1010-Pc*1e-2)^0.644; where Pc is in (Pa)and, Vmax is 1-min averaged wind at a 10-m elevation in (m/s) (Atkinson & Holliday, 1977)Hurricane translation velocity (forward velocity) needs to be removed from Vgmax before applying (e.g. Hu et al., 2012)Hurricane translation velocity (forward velocity) needs to be added after rotational velocity is calculated
- Rknown
- Radius that hurricane wind velocity is known at that radius in (m)Rknown should be larger than radius associated to Vmax
- VgRknown
Hurricane wind velocity at the gradient level which is known at radius Rknown in (m/s)
- Pn=101325;
- Ambient surface pressure (external pressure) in (Pa)Standard atmosphere pressure is 101325 (Pa)Typical value: Pn=101500 (Pa) for the western North Pacific, Pn= 101000 (Pa) for the North Atlantic(Batke et al., 2014)
- Rhoa=1.204;
Air density at the gradient level in (kg/m3)
- distCalcMethod=’gc’;
- Distance calculation method‘cart’: Distances are calculated on cartesian coordinate‘gc’: Distances are calculated on Great Circle based on Vincenty formula, Vincenty (1975)Earth radius coonsidered as mean earth radius=6371000 m
- flattendata=’no’;
- Define if flat data or not‘no’: does not flat the results, outputs are in 3d array‘yes’: flat the results, outputs are in 2d array
- savedata=’no’;
- Define if save data in a file or not in working folder‘no’: does not save,‘yes’: save data as ascii ‘dat’ file, data are flatten regrdless of flattendata value
- dispout=’no’;
- Define to display outputs or not‘imagesc’: 2 dimensional plot using imagesc or imshow‘pcolor’: 2 dimensional plot using pcolor‘contour’: 2 dimensional contour plot, number of contour=ncolor‘no’: not displayUse dispout=’no’ if calculation mesh is not 2d arrayif there is more than one time step, only the last one is plottedif flattendata=’yes’; then dispout is set as dispout=’no’;
Outputs#
- Pgrid
Hurricane surface pressure on defined mesh in (Pa)
- Rgrid
Distance (radius) from hurricane center to each point on the grid
- RVmax
Distance (radius) from hurricane center to a location of maximum hurricane wind velocity (m)
- thetagrid
Angle from hurricane center to each point on the grid in (Degree)
Examples#
%EXAMPLE 1
%Creating calculation mesh
[xgrid,ygrid]=meshgrid(linspace(-98,-68,100),linspace(16,44,100));
%Longitude of Hurricane Katrine center at max velocity
longCenter=-88.6;
%Latitude of Hurricane Katrine center at max velocity
latCenter=26.3;
%Hurricane Katrina centeral pressure (Pa) at max velocity
Pc=90200;
%Hurricane Katrina translational velocity (m/s) at max velocity
Vt=5.18467;
%Hurricane Katrina 1-min sustained maximum velocity (m/s) at max velocity
Vmax=76.5;
Vmax=Vmax-Vt; %Removing hurricane translation velocity from Vmax
Vgmax=Vmax/0.8; %Converting surface velocity to gradient velocity
%34 kt (17.49 m/s) wind radii maximum extent in northeastern quadrant in (m) for Hurricane Katrina at max velocity
Rknown=370400;
VRknown=17.49;
VRknown=VRknown-Vt; %Removing hurricane translation velocity from VRknown
VgRknown=VRknown/0.8; %Converting surface velocity to gradient velocity
Pn=101325; %Ambient surface pressure (external pressure) in (Pa)
Rhoa=1.204; %Air density in (kg/m3)
[Pgrid,Rgrid,RVmax,thetagrid]=hurricanepressureh80(xgrid,ygrid,longCenter,latCenter,Pc,Vgmax,Rknown,VgRknown,Pn,Rhoa,...
'gc','no','no','imagesc');
%EXAMPLE 2
%Creating calculation mesh
[xgrid,ygrid]=meshgrid(linspace(-98,-68,100),linspace(16,44,100));
%Longitude of Hurricane Katrine best track
longtrack=[-75.1;-75.7;-76.2;-76.5;-76.9;-77.7;-78.4;-79.0;-79.6;-80.1;-80.3;-81.3;...
-82.0;-82.6;-83.3;-84.0;-84.7;-85.3;-85.9;-86.7;-87.7;-88.6;-89.2;-89.6;...
-89.6;-89.6;-89.6;-89.6;-89.1;-88.6;-88.0;-87.0;-85.3;-82.9];
%Latitude of Hurricane Katrine best track
lattrack=[23.1;23.4;23.8;24.5;25.4;26.0;26.1;26.2;26.2;26.0;25.9;25.4;...
25.1;24.9;24.6;24.4;24.4;24.5;24.8;25.2;25.7;26.3;27.2;28.2;...
29.3;29.5;30.2;31.1;32.6;34.1;35.6;37.0;38.6;40.1];
%Hurricane Katrina centeral pressure (Pa)
Pc=[100800;100700;100700;100600;100300;100000;99700;99400;98800;98400;98300;98700;...
97900;96800;95900;95000;94200;94800;94100;93000;90900;90200;90500;91300;...
92000;92300;92800;94800;96100;97800;98500;99000;99400;99600];
%Hurricane Katrina translational velocity (m/s)
Vt=[0.00000;3.23091;3.13105;3.86928;4.99513;4.82816;3.27813;2.81998;2.77140;2.53041;...
1.05928;5.30662;3.60661;2.98269;3.61863;3.43691;3.28168;2.85849;3.20404;4.26279;...
5.31340;5.18467;5.39195;5.46121;5.66270;1.02958;3.60354;4.63312;8.02540;8.01558;...
8.12721;8.31580;10.75406;12.28350];
%Hurricane Katrina 1-min sustained maximum velocity (m/s)
Vmax=[15.3;15.3;15.3;17.850;20.4;22.950;25.5;28.050;30.6;35.7;35.7;33.150;...
38.250;43.350;45.9;48.450;51.0;51.0;51.0;63.750;73.950;76.5;71.4;63.750;...
56.1;56.1;53.550;40.8;25.5;20.4;15.3;15.3;15.3;12.750];
Vmax=Vmax-Vt; %Removing hurricane translation velocity from Vmax
Vgmax=Vmax./0.8; %Converting surface velocity to gradient velocity
%34 kt (17.49 m/s) wind radii maximum extent in northeastern quadrant in (m) for Hurricane Katrina
RknownRaw=[0;0;0;111120;111120;111120;111120;111120;129640;NaN;129640;138900;...
138900;138900;166680;240760;240760;259280;259280;296320;333360;370400;370400;370400;...
NaN;370400;NaN;185200;138900;138900;0;0;0;0];
%34 kt (17.49 m/s) wind radii maximum extent in northeastern quadrant in (m) for Hurricane Katrina
Rknown=[0;0;0;111120;111120;111120;111120;111120;129640;129640;129640;138900;...
138900;138900;166680;240760;240760;259280;259280;296320;333360;370400;370400;370400;...
370400;370400;277800;185200;138900;138900;0;0;0;0];
VRknown=ones(34,1).*17.49;
VRknown=VRknown-Vt; %Removing hurricane translation velocity from VRknown
VgRknown=VRknown/0.8; %Converting surface velocity to gradient velocity
Pn=101325; %Ambient surface pressure (external pressure) in (Pa)
Rhoa=1.204; %Air density in (kg/m3)
[Pgrid,Rgrid,RVmax,thetagrid]=hurricanepressureh80(xgrid,ygrid,longtrack(4:27,1),lattrack(4:27,1),Pc(4:27,1),Vgmax(4:27,1),Rknown(4:27,1),VgRknown(4:27,1),Pn,Rhoa,...
'gc','no','no','imagesc');
%EXAMPLE 3
xgrid=linspace(0,10,100); %(Degree)
ygrid=ones(1,100).*20; %(Degree)
longCenter=0; %(Degree)
latCenter=20; %(Degree)
Pc=90200; %(Pa)
Vt=5.18467; %(m/s)
Vmax=76.5; %(m/s)
Vmax=Vmax-Vt;
Vgmax=Vmax/0.8; %(m/s)
Rknown=370400; %(m)
VRknown=17.49; %(m/s)
VRknown=VRknown-Vt;
VgRknown=VRknown/0.8; %(m/s)
Pn=101325; %Ambient surface pressure (external pressure) in (Pa)
Rhoa=1.204; %Air density in (kg/m3)
[Pgrid,Rgrid,RVmax,thetagrid]=hurricanepressureh80(xgrid,ygrid,longCenter,latCenter,Pc,Vgmax,Rknown,VgRknown,Pn,Rhoa,...
'gc','no','no','no');
plot(Rgrid,Pgrid)
References#
Data
www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/
www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/hurdat/hurdat2-format-nencpac.pdf
coast.noaa.gov/hurricanes
www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/data_sub/re_anal.html
Atkinson, G. D., & Holliday, C. R. (1977). Tropical cyclone minimum sea level pressure/maximum sustained wind relationship for the western north Pacific. Monthly Weather Review, 105(4), 421-427.
Batke, S. P., Jocque, M., & Kelly, D. L. (2014). Modelling hurricane exposure and wind speed on a mesoclimate scale: a case study from Cusuco NP, Honduras. PloS one, 9(3), e91306.
Holland, G. J. (1980). An analytic model of the wind and pressure profiles in hurricanes. Monthly weather review, 108(8), 1212-1218.
Holland, G. (2008). A revised hurricane pressure–wind model. Monthly Weather Review, 136(9), 3432-3445.
Holland, G. J., Belanger, J. I., & Fritz, A. (2010). A revised model for radial profiles of hurricane winds. Monthly Weather Review, 138(12), 4393-4401.
Phadke, A. C., Martino, C. D., Cheung, K. F., & Houston, S. H. (2003). Modeling of tropical cyclone winds and waves for emergency management. Ocean Engineering, 30(4), 553-578.